:root {
  color-scheme: light;
  --paper: #F7F9FC;
  --ink: #182534;
  --muted: var(--ink);
  --accent: #244F78;
  --line: #dedfd7;
}
* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
html {
  scroll-padding-top: var(--controls-scroll-offset, 24px);
}
body {
  isolation: isolate;
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.7;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}
a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}
a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 5px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}
::selection {
  background: #d4e5d7;
  color: #172f25;
}
.site-shell {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: 932px;
  padding: 0 40px;
  margin: auto;
}
.skip-link {
  position: absolute;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  transform: translateY(-160%);
  padding: 8px 16px;
  background: white;
  z-index: 2;
}
.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}
.intro {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 196px;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 54px;
  padding: 24px 0 28px;
}
h1, h2 {
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  font-weight: 400;
}
h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 6vw, 3.375rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  letter-spacing: -.035em;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}
p {
  margin: 0 0 14px;
}
.profile-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px 20px;
  padding: 0;
  margin: 24px 0 0;
  list-style: none;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--accent);
}
.portrait {
  margin: 0;
}
.portrait img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 3px;
}
.content-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 32px 0 35px;
  scroll-margin-top: 12px;
}
#background {
  border-top: 0;
  padding-top: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 22px;
}
h2 {
  font-size: 1.8125rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
  margin: 0 0 22px;
}
.content-section > p {
  color: var(--muted);
  max-width: 700px;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
h3 {
  font-size: 1.0625rem;
  line-height: 1.45;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin: 0 0 8px;
}
footer {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  padding: 23px 0 30px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 15px;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
  color: var(--muted);
}
footer a {
  text-decoration: none;
}
.profile-links a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.875rem;
}
.profile-icon { width: 1em; height: 1em; flex-shrink: 0; }
.profile-links a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.intro-copy p {
  color: var(--muted);
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .site-shell {
    padding: 0 24px;
  }
  .intro {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 130px;
    gap: 24px;
    padding: 20px 0 24px;
  }

}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .site-shell {
    padding: 0 20px;
  }
  .intro {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 26px;
    padding-top: 20px;
  }
  .portrait {
    width: 135px;
  }
  h1 {
    font-size: 2.6875rem;
  }
  h2 {
    font-size: 1.6875rem;
  }
  footer {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }

}

@media print {
  body {
    background: white;
    color: black;
    font-size: 11pt;
  }
  .site-shell {
    max-width: none;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .skip-link, footer a {
    display: none;
  }
  .intro {
    padding-top: 0;
  }
  a {
    color: inherit;
  }
  .content-section {
    padding: 20px 0;
  }

}

/* Optional decoration stays outside the page interaction layer. */
#reaction-background {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 0;
}
#animation-toggle {
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: none;
  color: var(--accent);
  font: inherit;
  cursor: pointer;
}
#animation-toggle:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
#animation-toggle:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 5px; }
#simulation-controls {
  position: sticky;
  top: 12px;
  z-index: 2;
  max-height: calc(60vh - 24px);
  max-height: calc(60dvh - 24px);
  margin-top: 12px;
  padding: 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--paper);
}
#simulation-controls:not([hidden]) { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
#simulation-details { min-height: 0; overflow-y: auto; overscroll-behavior: auto; padding: 4px; margin-top: 8px; }
#simulation-controls .simulation-actions { flex-shrink: 0; }
#simulation-controls p { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 0.875rem; color: var(--muted); }
.model-equations { margin: 0 0 8px; font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.model-equations > div { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
#simulation-parameters { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 8rem), 1fr)); gap: 8px; }
#simulation-parameters .parameter-control { display: grid; grid-template-rows: subgrid; grid-row: span 3; min-width: 0; align-content: start; gap: 4px; font-size: 0.875rem; }
#simulation-parameters .parameter-control > span { font-weight: 700; }
#simulation-parameters small { font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.4; }
#simulation-parameters input {
  width: 100%;
  min-width: 0;
  padding: 5px 8px;
  border: 1px solid #b9c2b9;
  border-radius: 3px;
  background: white;
  color: var(--ink);
  font: inherit;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
#simulation-parameters input:focus-visible, .simulation-actions button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
.simulation-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; margin-top: 12px; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.simulation-actions button { border: 0; padding: 0; background: none; color: var(--accent); font: inherit; cursor: pointer; }
.simulation-actions button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
#simulation-controls > .simulation-actions { margin-top: 0; }
#simulation-collapse { margin-left: auto; }
#simulation-collapse:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
.number-control { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 36px; }
.number-control input { grid-row: span 2; appearance: textfield; -moz-appearance: textfield; }
.number-control input::-webkit-inner-spin-button, .number-control input::-webkit-outer-spin-button { -webkit-appearance: none; margin: 0; }
.number-control button { padding: 0; min-height: 28px; border: 1px solid #b9c2b9; background: white; color: var(--accent); cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.625rem; }
.number-control button:hover { background: #e8eee2; }
.number-control button:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 2px; z-index: 1; }

@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  body { font-size: 1.375rem; }
  .site-shell { max-width: 1760px; padding: 0 48px; }
  #simulation-controls { max-width: 960px; margin-inline: auto; }
  .intro { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 240px; gap: 54px; }
  h1 { font-size: 4.5rem; }
  h2 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
  h3 { font-size: 1.5625rem; }
  .content-section > p { max-width: 1000px; font-size: 1.375rem; }
  .profile-links, .profile-links a { font-size: 1.375rem; }
  footer { font-size: 1rem; }
  #simulation-controls p, .simulation-actions { font-size: 0.9375rem; }
  .model-equations { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
  #simulation-parameters { grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(min(100%, 9rem), 1fr)); }
  #simulation-parameters .parameter-control { font-size: 0.875rem; }
  #simulation-parameters small { font-size: 0.875rem; }
  #simulation-parameters input { font-size: 1rem; }
}

/* Let enlarged text wrap without widening grid tracks or the page. */
main, .parameter-control, .simulation-actions { overflow-wrap: anywhere; }
.parameter-control > span sub { line-height: 0; }
.simulation-actions button { min-height: 44px; max-width: 100%; }

/* Expanded controls join normal page scrolling on phones and short windows. */
@media screen and (max-width: 899px), screen and (max-height: 600px) {
  #simulation-controls:has(#simulation-details:not([hidden])) {
    position: relative;
    top: auto;
    max-height: none;
  }
  #simulation-details { overflow: visible; }
  .simulation-actions { gap: 4px 12px; }
}
@media (pointer: coarse) {
  .number-control { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 44px; }
  .number-control button { min-height: 44px; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce), print {
  #reaction-background, #simulation-controls, #simulation-controls:not([hidden]) { display: none; }
}

/* Temporary palette preview: remove with js/palette-preview.js. */
.palette-preview { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 8px; flex-shrink: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 12px; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.palette-preview-title { flex-basis: 100%; font-weight: 600; }
.palette-preview button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; min-height: 44px; padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; background: var(--paper); color: var(--ink); font: inherit; cursor: pointer; }
.palette-preview button::before { content: ''; flex-shrink: 0; width: 14px; height: 14px; border-radius: 50%; background: var(--swatch); border: 1px solid currentColor; }
.palette-preview button[aria-pressed="true"] { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 1px; font-weight: 700; }
.palette-preview button:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
.palette-preview button:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
/* End temporary palette preview. */

/* Shared toolbar presets and nested parameter disclosure. */
.parameter-preview button::before { display: none; }
.pattern-select { display: none; min-width: 0; max-width: 100%; min-height: 44px; padding: 6px; font: inherit; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--ink); background: var(--paper); border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; }
#pattern-slot { flex: 1; min-width: 0; }
#pattern-slot .parameter-preview { margin: 0; padding: 3px; border: 0; }
#pattern-slot .parameter-preview button { padding: 4px 8px; font-size: 0.8125rem; }
#pattern-slot .palette-preview-title { flex-basis: auto; font-weight: 400; }
#simulation-controls .parameter-actions { font-size: 0.875rem; margin-top: 8px; }
#simulation-parameters { margin-top: 8px; }
#simulation-parameters[hidden] { display: none; }
.pattern-select:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
@media (max-width: 899px) {
  #simulation-controls { padding: 10px; }
  #simulation-controls > .simulation-actions { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, auto) minmax(0, auto); justify-content: start; column-gap: 8px; }
  #animation-toggle { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1; }
  #simulation-collapse { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1; margin-left: 0; display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 0.25em; }
  #simulation-collapse .button-label { display: inline-block; }
  #simulation-collapse .button-label::after { content: 'Collapse controls'; display: block; height: 0; visibility: hidden; }
  #pattern-slot .parameter-preview button { display: none; }
  #pattern-slot .pattern-select { display: block; flex: 1; }
  #pattern-slot { grid-column: 1 / -1; grid-row: 2; width: 100%; }
}

/* Portfolio tabs and shared project/research cards. */
.work-tabs { position: sticky; top: var(--controls-scroll-offset, 24px); z-index: 1; display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 8px 0; }
.work-tabs a { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; min-height: 48px; padding: 8px 22px; border: 1px solid var(--accent); border-radius: 4px; background: var(--paper); text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.125rem; }
.work-tabs a[aria-selected="true"] { color: var(--paper); background: var(--accent); }
.work-tabs a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }
/* Keep one horizontal row; only use the side lane when its measured width fits. */
@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  .work-tabs { width: max-content; max-width: 100%; gap: 8px; }
  .work-tabs a { padding-inline: 12px; }
  .work-tabs.tabs-beside-controls { top: 12px; }
}
.work-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.work-entry { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 28px; padding: 28px 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); scroll-margin-top: calc(var(--work-tabs-height, 64px) + 16px); }
.work-entry:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 6px; }
.work-entry:target .work-copy h3 { text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: var(--accent); text-underline-offset: 6px; }
.work-media { min-width: 0; }
.work-image { width: 100%; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 4px; }
.work-image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; }
.work-placeholder { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; }
.work-placeholder { display: grid; place-items: center; background: #e7edf3; border: 1px dashed #9caebd; color: #40556b; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.work-copy { min-width: 0; }
.work-copy > p { font-size: 1rem; }
.work-copy h4 { font-size: 0.9375rem; margin: 18px 0 8px; }
.work-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 12px 0; font-size: 1rem; }
.work-citations { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.6; }
.work-citations li + li { margin-top: 10px; }
.citation-note { display: block; font-size: 0.875rem; }
.work-related { margin-top: 18px; font-size: 0.9375rem; }
.work-related > span { font-weight: 600; }
.work-related ul { list-style: none; margin: 4px 0 0; padding: 0; }
@media screen and (min-width: 900px) {
  .work-copy > p { font-size: 1.3125rem; }
  .work-copy h4, .work-links, .work-related, .work-citations { font-size: 1.0625rem; }
}
@media (max-width: 650px) {
  .work-entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 20px; }
  .work-media { display: contents; }
  .work-image { grid-row: 1; width: min(220px, 100%); }
  .work-copy { grid-row: 2; }
  .work-copy h3 { font-size: 1.375rem; }
  .work-related { grid-row: 3; margin-top: 0; }
  .work-tabs { width: 85%; gap: 8px; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-block: 6px; }
  .work-tabs a { flex: 1; min-height: 44px; padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 1rem; }
}
@media print {
  .work-tabs { display: none; }
  .work-panel[hidden] { display: block; }
  .work-entry { break-inside: avoid; }
}